The liver is a vital organ that keeps your dog’s body running smoothly. Some functions of the liver include: Helping with digestion Storing nutrients Detoxifying harmful substances Supporting the immune system Metabolizing medications Managing blood sugar levels In simple terms, liver disease is any condition that prevents the liver from functioning properly. It can be chronic (meaning the liver becomes damaged over a long period of time) or acute (meaning the disease comes on suddenly and requires more immediate care). While “liver disease” is a general term, there are several specific types, including: Chronic Hepatitis Long-term inflammation that leads to liver cell damage and scarring, hepatitis can be caused by infectious agents (such as viruses), toxins, certain medications, or autoimmune responses, according to Bethany Hsia, DVM, co-founder of CodaPet in Clovis, California. Acute Liver Failure Liver failure in dogs is sudden, severe liver damage, often caused by toxin exposure or infections. Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is progressive liver scarring that can develop when there has been undetected, long-term (months to years) inflammation of the liver from a variety of causes, including hepatitis. With cirrhosis, the liver is not functioning well—it’s a thick piece of leathery scar tissue instead of a spongy, soft tissue. As the liver becomes increasingly scarred and damaged, it can lead to complications like portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the vein that carries blood from the organs to your liver) and liver failure, Dr. Hsia adds. Wilson’s Disease (Copper Storage Disease) Copper storage disease in dogs is a genetic condition where copper accumulates in the liver, causing damage. Wilson’s disease is common in breeds like Bedlington Terriers and Dobermans. Liver Tumors Benign and malignant tumors can develop in a dog’s liver. They can develop from liver cells themselves (called hepatocellular carcinoma) or from metastasis from other body parts, explains Dr. Hsia. Portosystemic Shunts Most commonly, liver shunts in dogs are due to birth defects (congenital) in which blood bypasses the liver, limiting its ability to detoxify. It’s more common in puppies and small breeds, says Samuel Varon, DVM, owner of Broadway Veterinary Hospital in Sacramento, California. In some cases, liver shunts (acquired) can form in older dogs as a result of illness. ,Liver disease in dogs happens when the liver becomes inflamed or damaged and can no longer function normally. It’s more common than pet parents might think; and while it can be serious, it’s also often manageable with the right care. In many cases, early detection and treatment can slow the progression of the disease, ease your dog’s symptoms, and help your pup live a longer, healthier life. Here’s what to know about the disease, including signs, treatment, prevention, and more.