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The signs of CCV include an accumulation of fluids in the abdomen, enlargement and bulging of the eyes, and bloody fins. Destroying an infected fish and a thorough cleaning of its environment are the only ways to stop the spread of the CCV infection., ,Herpes Virus
How to Clean Dog Ears Never use cotton swabs on or in your pet’s ears for any reason. This can lead to serious injury and a trip to the emergency vet. Here are the steps: Dr. Loft recommends holding the bottle over the ear canal and gently squeezing the solution into the ear. He advises not putting the bottle or tip in the ear directly. You then massage the base of your dog’s ear to loosen up the debris within the ear Let your dog shake their head. By shaking their head, your dog is bringing the softened wax and debris to the front of the ear canal, which makes it easier for you to clean away. Use a large cotton ball to wipe away all the wax and debris. Be gentle when wiping inside your pup’s ears. The skin within the ear is very sensitive and can be injured if you continually wipe at it.,Chronic Dog Ear Infections Goetz says having your dog’s ear infections treated early is important for ear health. This is especially crucial for chronic ear infections. Some chronic infections are so bad that surgical removal of the ear canal is the only option left for pain control—total ear canal ablation (TECA) surgery. “If you have chronic ear infections that go untreated, you’re definitely going to be predisposed to having hearing loss earlier in life,” says Goetz.,Image via YAKOBCHUK VIACHESLAV/Shutterstock.com By Teresa K. Traverse Having a dog ear infection or other dog ear problem can cause a great deal of discomfort, so it’s important for pet parents to notice when there’s an issue. Most pet parents are probably not in the habit of peering into your dog’s ears every day. To help protect the health of your dog’s ears, it’s smart to get into a routine of checking them at least once a week. That way you are able to spot any potential dog ear infections or problems, and you can take proactive measures before these issues develop into more serious dog ear problems. Getting your dog used to having their ears handled as a puppy will make it easier to handle them when checking for or treating dog ear infections in the future. Here’s some advice from veterinarians on how to check your dog’s ears, what to look for and how to keep them healthy. Signs of Dog Ear Problems You should check the ears about once a week, especially if your dog has had skin or ear issues in the past. If you have a hanging ear dog breed, be sure to lift up the flap and check on their ears more often to watch for infection or disease. Dr. Loft says you can shave around the ear opening so it’s not as hidden. Before you get out the dog hair clippers, though, make sure to ask a professional groomer or veterinarian how to shave this area properly to avoid rashes or wounds that can lead to infection and irritation. Some surefire signs that your pup is suffering from a dog ear problem are: Pungent odor Discharge Blood Irritated or red skin Inflammation Dr. Goetz cautions that if part of your dog’s ear feels like a pillow or balloon, he might have an aural hematoma. Essentially, the dog has broken blood vessels underneath the skin, which causes the ear flap to start to fill with blood. If you notice that your dog’s ear flap has started to look inflated or swollen, you should take them to your veterinarian right away. They will examine the ear and decide on an appropriate course of treatment. If you notice any of this in your dog’s ears, then it is time to make a trip to your veterinarian.
In This Article Why Do Cats Dig in the Litter Box? View 3 More +
Stertor and Stridor Did you know rabbits snore? Even occurring while they are awake, it is generally a result of blockage in the animal’s airway. Typically referred to as stertor and stridor, it can also occur if nasal tissues are weak or flaccid or from excessive fluid in the passages. Symptoms The symptoms, signs and types of stertor and stridor depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. For example, an extremely stressed rabbit or a rabbit with a lowered immune system may sound excessively hoarse while breathing. Other typical signs for rabbits suffering from stertor and stridor include: Sneezing Rapid or loud wheezing sounds during breathing Nasal discharge (sometimes due to sinusitis or rhinitis) Discharge from the eyes Lack of appetite Inability to chew or swallow Oral abscesses (especially in the teeth) Causes Rabbits tend to be nasal breathers and any physical deformity or unusual nasal structure can result in a lower-pitched (stertor) or higher-pitched (stridor) sound emanating from the airway or nose. There are, however, many other causes for stertor and stridor in rabbits. These include: Sinusitis and rhinitis Abscesses, elongated teeth or secondary bacterial infections Facial, nasal or other trauma affecting this region, including bites from other insects or animals Allergies and irritants including inhaling pollen, dust or other insects Tumors that lodge in the airway Dysfunction of the neuromuscular system, which may include hypothyroidism or diseases affecting the brainstem Swelling and edema in the upper respiratory system Inflammation of the soft palate or throat and voice box Anxiety or stress Diagnosis To diagnose the animal, a veterinarian will first determine where the sounds are originating from in the rabbit. They will then conduct various lab tests, including X-rays, which are used to explore the rabbit’s nasal cavity and identify any facial abnormalities or signs of abscesses and bacterial infections, such as Pasteurella. Other procedures may include collecting cultures. Treatment Treatment includes providing supplemental oxygen to the rabbit, when appropriate, and providing a quite, cool and calm environment in which to live. A rabbit must also have a clear and unobstructed airway, keeping its ear and nasal cavities clean and debris-free. To combat harmful bacterial infections from developing, the veterinarian may alter the rabbit’s diet to include more leafy greens. Medications which are helpful to control bacterial sinusitis, rhinitis or other related infection include antibiotics. And while steroids may be used to reduce nasal swelling or inflammation, it can worsen bacterial infections and should only be used when absolutely necessary and under the direct care of a trained veterinarian. Living and Management Because stertor and stridor are often related to airway obstructions, there are many serious complications which may arise. Pulmonary edema, or fluid retention in the lungs or airway, is one such common example. It is, therefore, important to closely monitor the rabbit and bring it to the veterinarian’s office for regular checkups and follow-up care during recovery.
7. Respect Their Petting Preferences Cats are really good at nonverbal communication; we just have to know what signs to look for. Slow blinks, purring, headbutts, and relaxed posture, for example, indicate that they’re open to affection. A thumping tail, flattened ears, dilated pupils, and backing away, on the other hand, are clear “stop” signals. Respecting your cat’s boundaries builds trust and helps them feel safe at home. Cats are intuitive, picking up on moods, energy, and interpreting our intentions through gestures and tone of voice So, what’s the best way to lovingly pet your cat? First, offer your hand and wait patiently for them to approach you. They might even head bump your hand. Begin with gentle strokes around the head, chin, and cheeks. These are areas with scent glands and they tend to be the most loved areas to be scritched, scratched, and petted. Avoid the belly, legs, and tail, unless your cat actively invites pets to these extra-sensitive areas. Lastly, take short breaks when petting your cat. This gives them the option to end the interaction or invite more pets. 8. Reward Your Cat Want your kitty to associate your presence with fun activities and tantalizing treats? Of course you do! By rewarding desired behaviors using a clicker trainer, treats, and praise, you’re not just teaching manners or even fun tricks; you’re learning how to communicate to your cat in a positive way. Even if your mischievous furball turns your houseplant into a jungle gym, you’ll have the skills to redirect their behavior without resorting to fear-based tactics, which can damage your relationship. Keep in mind, however, that experts recommend limiting treats to 10% of your cat’s daily caloric needs. 9. Use Positive Communication Cats are intuitive, picking up on moods, energy, and interpreting our intentions through gestures and tone of voice. One study even showed that cats are more likely to respond to higher-pitched, sing-song tones—aka baby talk. On the other hand, forceful handling, loud gestures, and harsh tones can all come across as threatening. Expressing the love you feel for your cat is easy when you know how. It involves both learning and using the nuances of cat language to communicate in ways your cat understands, as well as providing the care, quality time, and positive interaction your kitty needs.,You may never perfect your meow, but perhaps you don’t need to if you want to say “I love you” to your cat. “Communicating using ‘cat language’ means that you’re purposely communicating with your cat in a way they will understand,” says Joey Lusvardi, a certified cat behavior consultant and owner of Class Act Cats. Here are nine ways to show your cat you love them.
Cachexia Weight loss can occur in rabbits, but when they lose 10 percent or more of their normal body weight it becomes a major concern — no longer an issue of decrease in fluid weight. It is especially worrisome when the weight loss accompanies muscle atrophy (or the wasting away of muscle mass). This state of poor health is usually referred to as cachexia, and it requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms and Types The symptoms the rabbit displays are dependent on the underlying cause of the condition. However, general signs will include thinness or a reduced size and appearance. Other signs and symptoms may include: Lack of stool production Grinding of teeth Hunched over posture Drooling Bad breath Inability to eat Disinterest in food Distension or abnormal bloating in the intestinal area around the stomach Masses or foreign bodies present when touching (or palpating) the abdomen Abnormal breathing sounds Heart murmurs or irregular heart rhythms Causes There are many different causes for cachexia (and weight loss) in rabbits. These can include increased metabolism. For example, the animal’s body may start using lean muscle for energy in order to carry out its daily functions. Metabolic disorders such as organ failure or disorders associated with cancer can also bring this type of weight loss. Some other common causes may include: Dental diseases which can make eating difficult Dietary causes, including too little food or poor quality food Gastrointestinal disorders Central nervous system disorders that can contribute to anorexia or similar disorders Neuromuscular diseases and pain (e.g., degenerative joint disease) Spinal problems (e.g., spinal fractures or dislocations) Diagnosis To make a proper diagnosis, the veterinarian will first determine the animal’s diet. The veterinarian will also examine the animal’s teeth, as dental disease is a common cause for weight loss. Finally, they will run various tests, including X-rays, to rule out any organ and neuromuscular problems, masses or cancers. Treatment Much like the symptoms, treatment is dependent on the underlying cause of the weight loss. However, the veterinarian will probably treat any symptoms shown by the rabbit, including pain relief for cancers or electrolyte replacement for animals suffering from dehydration and fluid loss. This will not cure the condition, but will help stabilize the animal. Most rabbits will also be prescribed a well-balanced diet which includes plenty of fresh greens. Living and Management Prognosis for the rabbit will vary depending on the nature of the disease or disorder causing the weight loss. In all cases, it is important to provide the animal with healthy feed. Also, frequent monitoring or follow-ups is dependent on the condition’s cause and overall health of the rabbit.
By Joe Cortez In southeastern Native American folklore, rabbits are often considered “tricksters,” perhaps for their mischievous and sometimes confusing behaviors they demonstrate during play. In addition to their nicknames, new rabbit owners will likely have many questions about their new companions, including what to call a baby rabbit and how to tell the difference between a boy rabbit and a girl rabbit. Learn the answers to the most frequently asked rabbit questions here. How many rabbit breeds are there in the world? Rabbits come in all different shapes and sizes, each with a distinct personality of their own. “There are nearly 50 breeds of domestic rabbits, with many sizes, shapes and colors represented among them,” said Dr. Jen Quammen, master of public health and veterinarian at Grants Lick Veterinary Hospital in Butler, Kentucky. Additionally, some breeds have more distinguishable traits than others. The Lionhead is known for its large mane, while Dutch rabbits are known for their black-and-white color pattern. What do you call a baby rabbit? Not to be confused with cats, a baby rabbit is called a “kit” or “kitten.” Consequently, a mother rabbit will have a litter of kittens when it gives birth and can have up to 14 kittens in a litter. Litter size depends on breed, with smaller rabbits having four or five kits per litter and larger rabbits having between eight and twelve kits per litter. The smallest litter on record is one kit and the largest is 18 kits! What is a male rabbit called? Borrowing a term from another woodland creature, a male rabbit is known as a “buck.” Despite the name, an un-neutered male rabbit will not rut when they are interested in mating, instead, they may sniff, lick, nuzzle, tail-flag and spray to express their interest in a female. What is a female rabbit called? Although a female rabbit may be colloquially known as a “bunny,” the technical term for a female rabbit is a “doe,” and an adult rabbit may also be called a “coney.” While a female rabbit may be identified as a doe at birth, it typically doesn’t reach maturity until nearly a year old. A rabbit’s maturity age depends on breed. Small rabbits can reach maturity around four or five months, while medium-sized rabbits reach maturity between four and six months and large rabbits reach maturity between five and eight months. Does mature earlier than bucks. How can I tell if my rabbit is male or female? Unlike other animals, male and female rabbits may not have major difference in appearances. The only sure way to tell if your rabbit is male or female is to examine their genitals. Female rabbits will have a very distinct appearance to their genitals, almost protruding from their body. “In female rabbits, there is a v-shaped or mountaintop appearance,” Quammen said. “From the side, it can look like a pyramid and it will be sticking up or out somewhat.” Male rabbits are recognizable by two oblong testicles, which appear above their genitalia. For those trying to determine the sex of a kit younger than four months, Dr. Christine Kabalan of East Hilliard Veterinary Services in Hilliard, Ohio, suggests applying gentle pressure to the point from where they urinate. If your rabbit is male, the penis would extrude out, she said. Testicles descend in a male rabbit around 12 weeks of age. What sounds do rabbits make? According to Kabalan, rabbits make three distinct types of sounds, each describing a different emotion. The noises range from grunts, to thumps and even a purring-type sound. One of the most common sounds your rabbit will make is a grunt. “Grunting is an attention seeking behavior,” Kabalan said. “It means they are excited or eager, or if a male is intact and wants to mate.” Grunting is also a sign of agitation, or a “back off” warning to other rabbits or people, and can be followed by scratching or biting. Rabbits grunt when they feel threatened or to show disapproval. When a rabbit is content with life, they may “purr” by clicking their teeth together. However, Kabalan advises this should not be confused with teeth grinding or chattering, which can be a sign of pain or illness. When a rabbit is unhappy or is alerted to potential danger, they will make a “thump” sound. “Thumping is where a rabbit takes a back foot and thumps it on the ground,” Kabalan said. “They do this when they are disapproving of the situation.” Rabbits also thump when they are afraid or nervous. In the wild, they thump to let the other rabbits of the warren know that there is a predator or danger present. A rabbit will only make outward noises if they are in pain or terrified. If a rabbit begins squealing or screaming, seek medical attention immediately, as it means the rabbit is in crisis. Why does my rabbit shake its head and make funny jumps? Rabbits are not shy about expressing their emotions, with one of their most prominent being happiness. They show their joy by dancing in the air and performing what is called a “binky.” “Binky is an expression of extreme happiness,” Kabalan said. “They jump in the air and twist their head and body in opposite directions either standing in one place or while running.” Although this behavior may be concerning for a new rabbit owner, this is actually a very good sign. When a rabbit binkies, it means they are happy and content in their home. While their behaviors and personalities may be complex, knowing how to understand your rabbit is a strong start to a long lasting relationship. By understanding these basic facts about rabbits, you are on your way to a long and loving bond with your new furry friend. Image: Russamee / Shutterstock
Image via iStock.com/MonikaBatich By Victoria Schade You’ve put in the time at dog training class and diligently practiced your homework, and now you’re convinced that you’re on your way to having a well-behaved best friend. But did you know that some of your daily interactions might be accidentally untraining your dog? It doesn’t take much for the hard work that you’ve put in for it to start to unravel, and it’s usually because we don’t realize how quickly an undesirable dog behavior can take root. For example, petting your dog when he jumps up on you, zoning out during leash walks, or slipping him something from your plate when he demands it are easily overlooked responses that might lead to dog behavior problems down the road. The key to avoiding untraining is to always remain mindful when interacting with your dog. Think about whether you like the behavior that your dog is offering. If you don’t, consider how you might be accidentally reinforcing it and keeping the behavior alive. And remember, some things your dog considers reinforcing might not make sense to you. You might think that pushing your dog off when he jumps is a viable training strategy, whereas he might think you’re giving him a welcoming pat! The following are some common ways we untrain our dogs, which might lead to dog behavior problems, and advice on how to avoid them. Training Dogs Not to Jump Reacting to a leaping dog is almost reflexive, and that’s exactly how jumping up becomes a habit. Whether it’s scolding a dog to get him to stop, or reaching down to give a few pats before pushing him off, this is one example of untraining that’s almost universal. Leaping on people is rewarding for dogs because it works; your excited dog makes contact with you, and more often than not, he gets acknowledged when he does it. Even angry acknowledgement is enough to keep the behavior alive. The secret to curbing a jumping habit is to teach your dog that he’s invisible unless he has four paws on the floor. Instead of telling your dog to get off or pushing him, turn your body away the second his front feet start to come off the ground. Don’t acknowledge your dog while he’s leaping, and the moment he manages to keep four on the floor, turn back to him and say hello. If he jumps again, repeat the process. Training dogs not to jump, especially if they’ve been doing it for a while, will take time. You can also teach the arm cross sit to help speed the process.
Living and Management With proper management and care, ferrets with less severe forms of dyspnea, tachypnea, and hyperpnea do well. However, it is best if you confine your ferret to cage rest so that it does not overexert itself.,Dyspnea, Tachypnea, and Hyperpnea in Ferrets Dyspnea, tachypnea, and hyperpnea are all terms that describe disturbed breathing patterns in ferrets. Dyspnea refers to the distress often associated with difficulty breathing or labored breathing; tachypnea, meanwhile, is rapid or fast breathing; and hyperpnea is deep breathing. Typically these breathing difficulties are associated with some ailment or stressful situation. Symptoms and Types The type of breathing difficulty (dyspnea, tachypnea, hyperpnea) experienced by the ferret will typically determine what type of symptoms are displayed. Some of the more common signs and symptoms include: Restlessness Pneumonia Open mouth breathing Nostril flaring when breathing Noisy breathing (stridor) Upper airway obstruction Excessive sneezing with discharge, especially among ferrets with concurrent respiratory tract infections Insomnia or trouble sleeping, especially among ferrets with congestive heart failure or those with hernias in the diaphragm Also, although it is rare in ferrets, coughing may occur in ferrets with dyspnea.
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